Common Fallacies

I have found a list of common fallacies here which I though I should reproduce.

(update 10/04/2010: I have now extended the list of fallacies by referring to the book Applied Intelligence of Sternberg et. al. and to the source commenter “Manblogg” [Manos] was kind to post )

Formal Fallacies

• A or B. Therefore, A
• A or B. A. Therefore, not B. (affirming the disjunct)
• Not both A and B are true. Not A. Therefore, B. (denying the conjunct)
• If A then B. B. Therefore, A. (affirming the consequent)
• If A then B. Not A. Therefore, not B. (denying the antecedent)
• If A then B. C. Therefore, B. (non sequitur of evidence)
• If A then B. Not C. Therefore, not A. (non sequitur of evidence)
• If A then B. A. Therefore, C. (non sequitur of relevance)
• If A then B. Not B. Therefore, not C. (non sequitur of relevance)

Fallacies of Relevance

• Ad hominem (personal attack) – note this fallacy is of the form: If A then B. A. Therefore C.
• Bad motive
• Tu quoque
• Two wrongs make a right (If A then B. A. Therefore C.)
• Ad baculum (appeal to force)
• Ad misericordium (appeal to pity)
• Ad populum (bandwagon)
• Straw man
• Red herring
• Equivocation
• Petitio principii (begging the question)

Fallacies of Evidence

• Argumentum ad verecundiam(Inappropriate appeal to authority)
• Argumentum ad Ignorantiam (Appeal to Ignorance)
• False dichotomy
• Loaded question
• Questionable cause
• Slippery slope
• Hasty generalization
• Weak analogy
• Inconsistency

(update)

• Appeal to Duty (“Should Statement”)
• Distorted personalization.
• Magnification or Minimization
• Mental Filter
• Ignoratio elenchi (irrelevant thesis)
• The fallacy of labelling
• Emotional reasoning
• The fallacy of amphiboly
• The fallacy of Vagueness
• Garden Path
• The fallacy of suppressed evidence
• The Gambler’s Fallacy
• Skill, not Chance
• The Fallacy of Composition
• The Fallacy of Division
• The Fallacy of the undistributed middle (All A are B. All C are B. All A are C.)
• Invalid Disjunction
• Availability
• Argumentum ad nauseam
• Argumentum ad antiquitatem
• Argumentum ad Logicam
• Argumentum ad numerum
• Cum hoc ergo propter hoc
• A dicto simpliciter
• Naturalistic fallacy (formal)
• Post hoc ergo propter hoc

Having conversations with people who are not able to avoid falling (constantly and unrepentantly) into these fallacy traps is surely a waste of time…